{"id":35744,"date":"2023-10-18T11:35:19","date_gmt":"2023-10-18T15:35:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mdcthereporter.com\/staging\/8357\/?p=35744"},"modified":"2023-10-18T11:35:19","modified_gmt":"2023-10-18T15:35:19","slug":"putting-cell-based-meat-under-the-microscope","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mdcthereporter.com\/staging\/8357\/putting-cell-based-meat-under-the-microscope\/","title":{"rendered":"Putting Cell-Based Meat Under The Microscope"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hold on to your poultry\u2014the lab-based chickens are coming.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Last summer, the United States Department of Agriculture <\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/GMA\/Food\/fda-approves-1st-cell-cultivated-meat-upside-foods\/story?id=100278334\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">gave the green light<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to <\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/upsidefoods.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UPSIDE<\/span><\/a> <a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/upsidefoods.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Foods<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodmeat.co\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">GOOD Meat<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, two California-based food technology companies, to sell their lab-grown chicken in America.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The decision comes after the United States Food and Drug Administration approved the companies\u2019 engineered poultry as safe for consumption in <\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/cfsan-constituent-updates\/fda-completes-first-pre-market-consultation-human-food-made-using-animal-cell-culture-technology\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">November of 2022<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">t<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/cfsan-constituent-updates\/fda-completes-second-pre-market-consultation-human-food-made-using-animal-cell-culture-technology\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">his past March.<\/span> <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lab-grown meat is cultivated using animal <\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/bone-marrow-transplant\/in-depth\/stem-cells\/art-20048117#:~:text=Stem%20cells%20are%20the%20body's%20raw%20materials%20%E2%80%94%20cells%20from%20which,more%20cells%20called%20daughter%20cells.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">stem cells<\/span><\/a> <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that self-replicate through a process known as differentiation to develop specialized functions. They are <\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/14\/7513\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">harvested from animal tissues via biopsy or from fertilized eggs<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adult stem cells, which reside in specific animal tissues and replicate into the cells from the organs they were derived from, are less costly than pluripotent stem cells. They are acquired from mammalian embryos or created by reprogramming adult stem cells.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These cells are then tested for taste and potency and placed in bioreactors, large vessels containing amino acids, glucose, vitamins, inorganic salts and proteins to stimulate reproduction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oftentimes the cells are paired with scaffolds\u2014natural and synthetic structures like gelatin, carrageenan, polyethylene glycol and polyacrylamide\u2014to develop the skeletal muscle, fat and connective tissues that mirror the cellular organization of the desired food.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After two to eight weeks, the cells are removed from the tanks and molded into chicken nuggets, burger patties, chicken breasts or steaks.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In-vitro meat is projected to reduce the meat industry\u2019s contribution to climate change by alleviating the demand for livestock farming, which <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/thebreakthrough.org\/issues\/food-agriculture-environment\/livestock-dont-contribute-14-5-of-global-greenhouse-gas-emissions\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">studies<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> say account for between 11-19 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Specifically, lab-grown cultures are projected to reduce water usage by approximately 89 percent, land usage by 99 percent and greenhouse gas emissions by 96%.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It also intends to provide a more sustainable way to feed the global <\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/population.un.org\/wpp\/Publications\/Files\/WPP2019_Highlights.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">increase in population<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabdirect.org\/cabdirect\/abstract\/20133417883\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">demand for meat<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which is estimated to increase by 60 and 70 percent, respectively, by 2050.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Additionally, lab-based meat offers an alternative to the ethical issues associated with the meat industry, like the poor housing and treatment of cows, and health concerns related to the overuse of antibiotics in cattle.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But these benefits are not guaranteed. In fact, cell-based meat poses its own problems.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The additives required for proper in-vitro meat cultivation, such as bioreactors, scaffolds and growth mediums are more expensive and contribute more greenhouse gas emissions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/05\/14\/science\/engineering-the-325000-in-vitro-burger.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">f<span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">irst lab-grown burger developed in 2013<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> cost nearly $330,000 to make, and while expenses are estimated to decrease with <\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/future-perfect\/23768224\/eat-just-good-meat-upside-cell-cultivated-chicken-lab-grown\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">technological advances and competition<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, that could take decades.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lab-grown meat also poses <\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2020.00007\/full\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ethical dilemmas<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/slate.com\/technology\/2017\/07\/the-gruesome-truth-about-lab-grown-meat.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fetal bovine serum<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, blood obtained by slaughtering pregnant cows and draining a calf fetus\u2019 heart until it dies,\u00a0 is the most common growth medium used to stimulate cell development.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There\u2019s also the question of whether animals feel pain when injected for a biopsy to harvest their stem cells and concern regarding the manipulation of embryonic stem cells.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lastly, there\u2019s the issue of transparency and safety.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The FDA requires lab-based meat to be labeled for purchase, but there is limited research available regarding their safety and long-term effects.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How do we know that these methods won\u2019t lead to abnormalities in our health?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite the air of excitement that has arisen with lab-based meat, there is more than <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">meets<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the eye that is worth investigating for the sake of animals, the environment and our well-being. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hold on to your poultry\u2014the lab-based chickens are coming. Last summer, the United States Department of Agriculture gave the green light to UPSIDE Foods and GOOD Meat, two California-based food technology companies, to sell their lab-grown chicken in America. The decision comes after the United States Food and Drug Administration approved the companies\u2019 engineered poultry [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13482605,"featured_media":35743,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[3495],"class_list":{"0":"post-35744","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-forum","8":"tag-cell-based-meat"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Putting Cell-Based Meat Under The Microscope<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nikole Valiente takes a look at the process of cell-based meat to assess its physical, environmental and ethical benefits and drawbacks.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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Valiente, who graduated from City of Hialeah Educational Academy in 2022, will serve as managing editor for The Reporter during the 2024-25 school year. She was the paper's editor-in-chief last year and aspires to work as a journalist.","url":"https:\/\/mdcthereporter.com\/staging\/8357\/author\/nikole-valiente\/"}]}},"cc_featured_image_caption":{"caption_text":"ILLUSTRATION BY ISABEL PAZ\/THE REPORTER","source_text":"","source_url":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mdcthereporter.com\/staging\/8357\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35744","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mdcthereporter.com\/staging\/8357\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mdcthereporter.com\/staging\/8357\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mdcthereporter.com\/staging\/8357\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13482605"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mdcthereporter.com\/staging\/8357\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35744"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mdcthereporter.com\/staging\/8357\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35744\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35745,"href":"https:\/\/mdcthereporter.com\/staging\/8357\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35744\/revisions\/35745"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mdcthereporter.com\/staging\/8357\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35743"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mdcthereporter.com\/staging\/8357\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35744"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mdcthereporter.com\/staging\/8357\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35744"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mdcthereporter.com\/staging\/8357\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35744"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}